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Determining the percentage of minerals with an intergranular fracture during grinding is valuable for liberation studies. However, a challenge is created by the variability of the ore texture in similar deposits. In this study, the percentage of intergranular fracture in iron oxide minerals, quartz, and ferrohornblende for the three types of iron ores was calculated by phase-specific surface area (PSSA)

In nature, when the Fe content is greater than 6?%, it is the most stable impurity in the sphalerite lattice. Fe dissolves in the mineral lattice in an isomorphous form, that is, it replaces Zn to form Fe-containing sphalerite, whose chemical formula is [ZnxFe(1-x)] S, which belongs to the isometric crystal system, has ionic-covalent chemical bonds, has the most negative formation energy, and is more

The pH effect in minerals flotation is of key significance in maximizing the recovery of platinum group minerals (PGMs). The computational simulations, microcalorimetry and microflotation experimental approaches were utilised to determine the performance of sodium normal butyl xanthate (SNBX), sodium normal butyl dithiocarbamate (SNBDTC) and sodium 2,6-dithio-4-butylamino-1,3,5-triazine (SDTBAT), xanthate

Lithium is a crucial strategic resource that plays a pivotal and instrumental role in facilitating the advancement of new energy technologies. The rapid growth of the renewable energy industry has resulted in a critical shortage of lithium salt supplies. The extraction of lithium from saline lake brine is characterized by its low energy consumption and cost-effectiveness, making it a prominent area

The flotation separation of parisite from calcium-bearing gangue minerals, such as fluorite and calcite, poses a significant challenge in the rare earth ore production process. In this study, an eco-friendly and highly selective depressant polyaspartic acid (PASP) was adopted in the flotation separation of parisite from calcite and fluorite, and its depression mechanism was investigated through various

The separation of calcium minerals by flotation is difficult without the use of depressants. As an alternative, a mixture of collectors, either ionics or ionic-alcohol mixture, could be used for this mineral separation, and without depressants. It was found that addition of nonionic ethoxylated fatty alcohols to the oleate collector has a synergistic effect on the flotation of apatite, calcite and

The detection and evaluation of rock mass joints and fractures are essential in assessing the stability of engineering rock masses and mitigating geological hazards. To address the challenge of intelligent extraction and quantification of fractures, a deep learning-based complex rock fracture segmentation network, termed CRFSegNet, has been developed and combined with multiple feature computation methods

Gallium (Ga) and germanium (Ge) are rare metals crucial for national applications in semiconductor and military sector. The metals are usually leached from zinc powder replacement residue (ZPRR) produced in the wet zinc refining process. In this study, Ge and Ga were leached from sulfuric acid with the application of a strong magnetic field and an ultrasonic field. The leaching mechanism in the strong

Aiming at the problem of poor flotation effect of oxidized coal slime, this study used a composite flotation collector compounded with diesel oil (DO) and an alcohol polar collector reagent (KD) in order to improve the flotation effect. Through the flotation test, combined with the molecular dynamics simulation method, the effect of the mixed collector on the flotation of oxidized coal was investigated

A unified objective optimization framework is developed for damage-coupled multisurface plasticity in the context of normal-dissipative media. The framework is shown to be advantageous in rock and soil mechanics applications to overcome difficulty associated with non-smoothness of the elastic domain due to the use of multiple intersecting yield-surfaces. The basic approach is one of mathematical programming

Disposal of radioactive waste in deep geological repositories relies on the integrity of geological barriers, where gas migration can compromise long-term safety. This study examines the hydro-mechanical response of a shale under varying gas pressure build-up rates, using gas injection tests conducted in a high-pressure oedometer cell to simulate in-situ stress conditions. The research highlights that

This paper proposes a data-driven method for the deformation analysis of layered rocks, which consists of generating a stress–strain database and using a data-driven computational solution. The method does not require defining the material's constitutive relationship to conduct analysis of layered rock deformation under loading of the same material. First, the data-driven identification (DDI) algorithm

Under submerged conditions, compared with traditional self-excited oscillating pulsed waterjets (SOPWs), annular fluid-enhanced self-excited oscillating pulsed waterjets (AFESOPWs) exhibit a higher surge pressure through self-priming. However, their pressure frequency and cavitation characteristics remain unclear, resulting in an inability to fully utilize resonance and cavitation erosion to break

The reverse flotation of iron ore with etheramine collectors and starch as depressant is widely implemented industrially but has severe shortcomings in dealing with complex lithologies and reclamation of slimes and tailings. Previously, we explored the adsorption of a new ternary collector reagent based on a mixture of etheramine, amidoamine and a frother. FTIR band intensities point to favorable adsorption

Mantle-derived mafic-ultramafic melts are the primary host for magmatic Ni-Cu-Co-PGE deposits. One common assumption about this mineral system is that Ni-fertility is a product of high-degree melting of anhydrous mantle peridotites, including a substantial contribution from olivine. However, in metasomatised mantle rocks, which partially melt at lower temperatures than anhydrous peridotites, Ni is

Fault-slip induced dynamic disasters, such as seismicity and rockburst, pose significant risks to various subsurface engineering projects, and the currently used mitigation methods often involves strategies of modulating in-situ stresses in the surrounding rocks near fault planes timely. Here, we propose an alternative strategy for mitigating fault-slip induced dynamic disasters in terms of reducing

Estimating the strength of weak rock mass is challenging in rock mechanics and rock engineering. This study introduces the development of a downgrading system for weak rock mass strength (GSIw), a novel methodology designed to bridge the gap between soil and hard rocks. A conceptual model is proposed, which simplifies weak rock mass downgrading by considering the influence of the rock matrix, joint

Nickel (Ni) is a critical metal facing a sharp increase in demand as it is a key ingredient in clean energy technologies such as lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) for electric vehicles (EVs). The gradual depletion in the active high-grade Ni sulfide deposits has garnered more attention toward Ni extraction from low-grade ultramafic Ni sulfides. Although the low-grade ultramafic sulfide deposits have the

In geothermal, oil, and gas reservoirs, the conductivity of hydraulic or acid-etched fracture determines efficient and economical resource exploitation. Proppant embedding or acid-rock reaction weakening rock leads to a sharp decline in fracture conductivity. Mineral alteration is a technique of in-situ transformation of existing minerals into harder minerals to improve rock strength, and diammonium

This study explores the liberation of valuable metals from spent Lithium Ion Batteries (LIBs) following cryogenic grinding with varying grinding times, frequencies, and particle sizes. We characterize the physicochemical changes in lithium metal oxide particles focusing on the mineral phases, semi-quantification, and liberation of Co, Ni, and Mn. A total of 18 cathodic material samples underwent cryogenic

High content of phyllosilicate minerals has a deleterious effect on the mineral flotation process. In clay science, with increasing the solid concentration, phyllosilicate mineral particles associate into different network structures, according to the relative potentials and positions of basal faces and edge faces, which plays a dominant role in the flow behaviour of pulp. In this paper, the effect

Deepening the understanding of the dynamic propagation and interaction of multiple hydraulic fractures is the key to the optimization of hydraulic fracturing design. By conducting two-hole hydraulic fracturing experiments on transparent polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) samples, we visualize the dynamic propagation of fractures stimulated from two holes in three dimensions with the aid of high-speed cameras

Accurately understanding the mechanical properties of surrounding rock is crucial for minimizing the risk of surrounding rock instability. In a deep TBM tunnel, mica minerals in the surrounding rock exhibit an intermittently oriented alignment, which is considered one potential cause of time-delayed failures. Under the same true triaxial stress, creep tests were conducted on granite with different

To understand the mechanism of the coupled thermo-hydro-mechanical (THM) processes in a repository, many laboratory or in-situ experiments have been carried out. One of these experiments is the Full-scale Emplacement Experiment (FE-Experiment) at the Mont Terri Underground Rock Laboratory. The FE-Experiment simulated the construction, waste emplacement, backfilling and early post-closure evolution

In coal mines, fault slips are often affected by stress waves originated from rock fracture during mining, but the effect of stress waves on a fault slip is still unclear. To understand such an effect, photoelasticity experiments and numerical simulation were carried out in this study, based on the thrust fault F16 in the Yima coal field, China. Three factors including stress wave sources, stress wave

To assess the long-term stability of rock bodies after excavation or slope excavation under external forces, uniaxial compression, and graded loading and unloading creep tests were performed on variable-saturation yellow sandstone after cyclic water intrusion. The energy evolution and deformation mechanisms of rocks during loading, creep, unloading, and holding were analyzed. Furthermore, the reloading

Waste fine flotation tailings (WFFTs) constitute a type of ore slurry consisting of fine tailing particles and beneficiation wastewater produced in the mineral flotation process. It can lead to resource wastage and ecological pollution due to irrational disposal process. This study aimed at recovering the useful building materials and water resources via reprocessing WFFTs by classification, magnetic

Modern seafloor massive sulfide deposits distributed along mid-ocean ridges are typically classified as mid-ocean ridge basalt- and ultramafic-hosted types, based on mineralogical and geochemical characteristics that result from the different water–rock interactions between the two substrates. However, the Mirae-2 vent field (MVF-2) along Central Indian Ridge, which was newly discovered on the slope

Sedimentary manganese (Mn) mineralization requires a switch between anoxic and oxic water column conditions, which is commonly explained by the “bathtub ring” model and more recently interpreted by the emerging “episodic ventilation” model. To date, however, it remains unclear regarding how to distinguish between these two mechanisms, profoundly influencing Mn ore prospecting. Here, we conducted a

Significant volumes of water are injected into the subsurface for purposes such as maintaining reservoir pressure, enhancing production efficiency, or water disposal. In these operations, injection pressures are typically kept low to prevent the formation from fracturing. However, fractures may still be induced even at low injection pressures if the injected water cools the formation, causing thermal

The Lafigué gold deposit (Western African Craton, Ivory Coast) is located in the northern part of the Toumodi-Fétékro greenstone belt, and its formation is related to the development of a NNE-SSW-striking sinistral shear zone during the regional D2 deformation phase. Transpression is evidenced by a contractional jog expressed by E-W-trending, S-dipping thrusts. Boudinaged fault veins and horizontal

Adsorption deformation of the coal matrix significantly influences gas migration and enhances recovery in coal reservoirs. In deep coal seams, abnormally high fluid pressures complicate the accurate quantification of absolute adsorption using traditional models, affecting the assessment of adsorption deformation. To address this, this study conducted synchronous adsorption/desorption and strain testing

As the world faces the rapid depletion of high-grade iron ore reserves, the abundant high-phosphorus iron ore deposits present significant potential for future exploitation. These ores, rich in the valuable elements of iron and phosphorus, necessitate the development of practical processes for upgrading iron and recovering phosphorus. Consequently, to promote the foundation and application research

In this study, to better decide the effect of coal seam dip angle upon the dynamic change of the cross-fusion in gas transport and storage areas during the progress of working face in the high gas thick coal seam, a two-dimensional physical simulation experiment regarded as the theoretical research was conducted to properly explore the variation law of overburden fracture. The results demonstrated

The adoption of Building Information Modelling (BIM) in construction has greatly improved project delivery, collaboration, and automation. However, its application in mining remains underdeveloped due to the unique challenges of mining projects, such as their vast scale, complexity, and heterogeneity. The present study aims to explore the characteristics and potential for adoption of BIM technology

The vertical layering and anisotropic characteristics of bedded rock salt are different from those of salt mounds, and the brine reinjection operation during the cavern creation process makes it difficult to predict the distribution of brine concentration in the cavern. The accumulation of slag in the complex cavern affects the brine flow characteristics and cavern volume, which makes the water-soluble

The Neves Corvo Cu-Zn-Pb(-Sn) deposit (Portugal) is one of the largest volcanogenic massive sulfide deposits (VMS) worldwide, hosted by Upper Devonian to Early Carboniferous rocks. Originally, it contained an early structurally controlled tin orebody (stockwork and massive cassiterite), which has now been mined out. In this study, we report the first occurrence of phosphate minerals (apatite, florencite

This paper provides comprehensive analyses of mineral microtextures, nanoparticulate electrum, defective crystal structures of key primary hydrothermal minerals - quartz and pyrite, the bulk sulfur isotopic composition of pyrite and marcasite, and fluid inclusions in hydrothermal quartz and calcite, all aimed at characterizing ore mineralization. The study primarily focuses on samples collected from

Understanding the sulfur isotope cycle is essential in developing genetic models of porphyry copper deposits. In this paper, we characterize the sulfur isotope evolution of the Duobuza deposit, a typical porphyry Cu-Au deposit, using the sulfur isotope composition of sulfides in successive hydrothermal stages. We show (1) an increase of δ34S values from the inner potassic core (?4.8 to ?0.4‰, n?=?37)

The discontinuity system exerts significant control over slope deformation and failure. Nevertheless, the automatic identification of these discontinuities remains a challenging task, particularly concerning linear discontinuities. Current methodologies are insufficient in detecting linear discontinuities, let alone conducting an analysis of their internal parameters. Consequently, this leads to imprecise

Coalbed methane (CBM) has emerged as a key clean fuel. The efficient recovery of CBM heavily relies on the materials used to seal cracks in gas drainage boreholes. This study divides the range of cracks into different single width cracks. A method of using two-phase particle mucus sealing material (PMSM) based on the “Liquid-Sealing-Gas (LSG)" principle is proposed to address the limitations of traditional

The mechanical behaviours of soft rocks are time-dependent and significantly influenced by the loading and unloading histories. The main objective of this study is to investigate the tunnelling behaviours of supported tunnels constructed in time-dependent plastic geotechnical materials, taking into account the tunnelling advancement, the viscoelastic-plastic behaviour of host rocks, sequentially installation

In deep engineering practices, surrounding rocks are often subjected to long-term interactions between high pore pressure and high geostress environments, necessitating a thorough understanding of water-rock coupling effect under in-situ conditions. This study investigates these interactions by replicating the deep, high-pressure environment of China Jinping Underground Laboratory (CJPL) through a

Resource disposal of overhaul slag is an urgent problem in aluminum industry. This paper innovatively proposed the synthesis of cryolite by low temperature H2SO4 roasting and water leaching process. Low temperature H2SO4 roasting can effectively volatilize fluoride such as Na3AlF6, CaF2 and NaF into the flue gas in the form of HF for recovery, and aluminum compounds (Al2O3, Na3AlF6) are converted into

Existence of discontinuous geological structures, such as folds and fault, poses a great challenge in predicting the in-situ stress fields (ISSF). This paper proposes a discontinuous intelligent inversion method to predict the ISSFs in the deep coal seam area (DCSA) of the Shanghai Temple, which exhibits distinct discontinuous geological features. The proposed method consists of three key components

Chalcocite, bornite, and chalcopyrite are the main copper minerals in the world-class Olympic Dam Cu-U-Au-Ag deposit, South Australia. Olympic Dam is characterized by systematic, inwards and upwards zonation of Cu-Fe-sulfide assemblages, encompassing chalcopyrite-pyrite, bornite-chalcopyrite, bornite-chalcocite and chalcocite-only zones. Trace element analysis of Cu-(Fe)-sulfides (~?3500 spot analyses)

Previous observations of the roof stability analyses for deep-depth tunnels in continuum rock mass suggest that the critical roof failure mechanism involves a π/2-rotation of the failure envelope utilized in the analysis. In this study, the results obtained from the kinematic approach of the limit analysis and limit equilibrium method demonstrated that the failure profile of a roof collapse in a physical

Cluster analysis is frequently used to help in individualizing stationary domains. Its application in creating geometallurgical clusters can follow two approaches. The first utilizes geometallurgical test variables in cluster analysis to define domains based on the geometallurgical database. This approach, common in mining, often lacks sufficient data for accurate 3D modelling. The second approach

Sunnyside is a well-preserved Miocene polymetallic vein deposit located in the Western San Juan Mountains of Colorado, USA. The steeply dipping veins extend vertically for ~?600?m and can be traced laterally over a combined length of ~?2100?m. Fracture-controlled fluid flow dominated during the pre-ore stage. Subsequent ore deposition along major extensional structures took place at far-from-equilibrium

Tensile loading plays a critical role in geological processes like landslides and earthquakes, as well as engineering applications such as hydraulic fracturing and tunnel excavation. We investigate elastic wave behavior across cemented rock fractures under tensile stress conditions. Ultrasonic measurements and uniaxial direct tension tests were performed concurrently on quartz diorite and diabase specimens

Negative pore pressure caused by unconventional energy production may offer insights into predicting and mitigating post-injection-induced seismicity. Here we presented triaxial shear experiments on sawcut, filled, and natural fractures under positive, zero, and negative pore pressures. The results show that negative pore pressure leads to an increase in the peak strength of the sawcut and filled fractures

Characterizing meso-damage and understanding its correlation with macroscopic mechanical responses of rocks under coupled chemical-mechanical (C-M) conditions are crucial for the stability analysis and safety design of underground constructions in chemically corrosive environments. This research proposes a model to quantify coupled C-M meso-damage of rocks, utilizing geochemical surface reaction theory

The semi-autogenous grinding (SAG) mill, widely used in large mineral processing plants, is known for its high throughput and production efficiency. However, an accumulation of pebbles can lead to a reduction in throughput and an increase in power consumption during the grinding process. This study investigates the strength of pebbles in conjunction with Davis’ theory of ball movement, considering

In a gold deposit near Nassara, southern Burkina Faso, gold occurs closely associated with pyrite within a network of veins hosted by metavolcanic and metasedimentary rocks. Using SEM and LA-ICP-MS analyses, we identified three generations of pyrite with distinct roles in gold mineralization. Pyrite 1 (Py1) formed early during mineralization, replacing alteration minerals like ankerite in metabasalt

The formation of an Excavation Damaged Zone (EDZ) is a common issue in mining and other geotechnical engineering fields, which impacts the stability of surrounding rock mass. The excavation of deep, stressed rock mass induces stress redistribution and propagates stress waves that form an EDZ around the excavation. Modelling the complex processes of stress relief and adjustment in anisotropic stress

Safe, efficient, and low-carbon coal mining is vital, especially for China, where coal remains the main energy source. Minimizing rockburst risks and ecological damage, as well as developing low, zero, and carbon negative mining, become the main task of the coal industry. However, their realization is hindered by the increasing accumulation of by-products of coal mining and utilization, such as abundant

This study develops a unified micromechanical induced anisotropic model to predict the instantaneous and longterm behaviors of rock materials under cyclic loading. By integrating a thermodynamic framework with the Mori–Tanaka homogenization method, the model captures the anisotropic damage evolution considering nonuniform microcrack growth. The model incorporates the interaction between microcrack-induced

Nowadays, tailings management and scarcity of raw materials are both topics that are much discussed in the mining sector. Recycling is therefore a sustainable method of extracting metals from secondary resources for tailings management and the supply of critical metals such as antimony. Alkaline leaching was carried out using mixture of sodium sulfide (Na2S) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH). Optimisation

Phosphate tailing is a solid waste from the process of phosphate resource utilization. It is rich in phosphorus, calcium, and magnesium. Exploring a profitable comprehensive utilization route of phosphate tailings is crucial for the disposal of phosphate tailings. A utilization route of P, Ca and Mg in phosphate tailings was proposed in this work. Phosphate tailings were first calcinated and leached